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Health Education

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WHAT IS CHOLERA?

Cholera is a bacterial infection. It is caused by drinking water contaminated with vibrio cholera bacteria, or by eating food that has been in contact with contaminated water. The most common symptoms of cholera are: extensive, watery diarrhea; nausea (feeling sick); vomiting (being sick) muscle cramps.

Left untreated the combination of diarrhea and vomiting can cause a person to quickly become dehydrated (lack of fluids inside their body) and go into shock (experience a sudden massive drop in blood pressure). In the most severe cases these conditions can be fatal.

HOW CHOLERA IS SPREAD?

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Around three-quarters of people who are exposed to cholera bacteria do not develop any symptoms. However, these people can contaminate water by passing stools (feces) that contain bacteria into water, or pass on the disease through poor food hygiene.

CHOLERA TREATMENT

Most people, children and adults, can be treated with Oral Rehydrating Solution (ORS) as outpatients. ORS comes in small bags of powder to mix in clean water to give sugar and electrolytes to replace what is lost in diarrhea. If you don’t have prepackaged ORS, you can make an acceptable substitute with one liter of CLEAN water plus 6 – 8 teaspoons of sugar and half a teaspoon of salt.

HANDS WASHING FOR GOOD HYGIENE

LIST OF DRUGS

Chloramphenicol

Dosage & When it is to be taken: Adult: PO- The recommended dose is 50 mg/kg/day in 4 divided doses, may increase to 100 mg/kg/day in more severe infections.
Eye Drops: As 0.5% solution: Instill 1 or 2 drops 2 hourly.

How it should be taken: It comes as a tablet to take by mouth, on an empty stomach.
It also comes as eye drops to instill into the affected eyes as directed by your physician.

Warnings and Precautions: Caution should be exercised in patients with history of kidney or liver disease, bone marrow problems, any allergy, who are taking other medications, during pregnancy and breast-feeding.

Side Effects: Central Nervous System – Headache, confusion, depression, inflammation of the optic nerve and nerve inflammation.

Gastrointestinal – Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, tongue inflammation, mouth ulcer and intestinal inflammation.

Blood – Bone marrow depression and decrease in blood cell counts.

Miscellaneous – Hypersensitivity reactions such as fever, rash, shock, hives and Gray syndrome.

CHOLERA VACCINE

Number of reported cholera cases